Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Notable are Xi Lake, nestled in hills, and, on a slope northwest of the lake, Lingyan Temple, considered one of the most famous Buddhist temples in China. Omissions? The Liao Empire (9071125) was an aggressive enemy in the northeast. The Neo-Confucian Classics were the Four Books and Five Classics (). The permanent population of Hangzhou has reached 12.204 million with a birth rate of 7.6, a death rate of 4.7, an urbanization rate of 83.6%, and an average age of 38. Nanchang - 6.4 million (up by 183,000) 4. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Higher class and richer people began binding the feet of girls. With the rapid development of the economy and increase of population . Qingdao - 10.25 million (up by 150,000) From the 14th century its trade gradually shifted to Ningbo to the southeast on the southern shore of the bay and, in the 19th century, to the new city of Shanghai, some 100 miles (160 km) to the northeast at the mouth of the Yangtze. 1998-2023 China Highlights Discovery Your Way! After about two decades more of warfare against the Mongols, the Song capital was taken in 1279, and the Song Dynasty era was ended. There are scheduled flights to Singapore and to Hong Kong and other major cities in China from Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport (opened 2000), 17 miles (28 km) east of the city. The population doubled in the 10th and 11th centuries, and science and technology advanced. share interesting stories, insider information, and even create unexpected We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. Over the millennium, it has withstood 38 earthquakes, 6 major floods (one of which destroyed an adjacent ancient temple complex), and many disasters and wars. expert. China Highlights uses cookies to give you the best possible service. var oTime = new Date(); He took the name Emperor Taizu (927 976), and during the next 20 years, he and his son defeated the other kingdoms and so established the Song Empire. It was built almost 1,000 years ago in the year 1049 of brick and wood and utilizes the Han people's highly developed and rugged wooden architecture techniques to withstand the numerous big earthquakes that strike in the region. There was a big migration of Han ethnic people from the old northern domains into the new empire. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. The Song ships were chained together, and this made them easy targets. Rice became the major food crop, and their increased output enabled the population to explode. // "China: Population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in Millions). Mass circulating books and periodicals became common for the first time in any country, and average people and even farmers enjoyed reading fictional novels. Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. On the Population HUB website you can find out the number of people in any of the regions of the Earth. However, Hangzhou is also an ancient city with a rich and complex history. They allied themselves with the Jurchens (or Jin) and started a war that ended in their disaster in the year 1125. 1. In his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, Shen Kuo described that a Song printer made thin ceramic characters himself. Alternate titles: Camsay, Hang, Hang-chou, Hangchow, Linan, Quinsai, Quinsay, Xingzai. The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2021 was 7,846,000, a 2.67% increase from 2020. The Song Empire enjoyed unprecedented economic growth. Hangzhou Urban Area Population History. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. A Shanghai-Ningbo expressway via Hangzhou was completed in the 1990s, and a Nanjing-Hangzhou expressway opened in the early 21st century. [16] 1981 - Zhou Feng becomes mayor. China has 13 cities each of whose permanent-resident population exceeds 10 million. What is al-sakh? His policies helped to ensure that the officials were very intelligent, literate, and loyal to the government. After fighting the Mongols for about 20 years, after the Mongols conquered Hangzhou in 1279, the remaining Song court and their supporters took to a fleet of ships to escape the Mongols. Subsequently, although no longer a major port, it remained a commercial centre for domestic trade and was opened to foreign trade in 1896. However, he didn't discover the compass. answer choices facilitated trade provided a nice breeze As described in our Tang Empire (618907) article, when that stable and cosmopolitan empire collapsed in 906 AD, their territory was divided among newly established kingdoms or by invading tribes for 54 years. It was a period of warfare and turmoil. 1621 - Huanduzhai publishing house in business. They also learned to mass produce the fine porcelain. Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Some peasants became wealthy farmers. Tours, Yangtze Though he failed in his campaign against the Western Xia, he was very successful as a scientist. Movable type printing was one of the most important technologies of world history. Captives and captured land were mutually exchanged. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/466968/china-population-of-hangzhou/, China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, Projection of female population Japan 2022-2115, by age group, Projection of male population Japan 2022-2115, by age group, Percentage of population aged 65 years and older Japan 1960-2021, Life expectancy at birth in total and by gender Japan 2001-2020, Number of fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants Japan 2020, by cause of death, Number of registered marriages Japan 2012-2021, Relationship status of straight and queer individuals Japan 2019, Number of private households Japan 1970-2020, Number of private households Japan 2020, by size, Breakdown of private households Japan 2000-2020, by type, Number of households with seniors Japan 1980-2020, Average number of members per private household Japan 2013-2022, Average savings and liabilities of two-person households Japan 2005-2021, Monthly consumption spending per household Japan 2013-2022, Monthly consumption spending per household Japan 2021, by category, Number of foreign nationals Japan 1984-2021, by nationality, Number of accepted refugees Japan 2012-2021, Countries with the highest number of Japanese residents 2022, Population of Chongqing in China 1980-2035, Population of Guangzhou in China 1980-2035, Population of Guangdong province, China 2011-2021, Population of Shenyang in China 1980-2035, Population of Shanghai municipality, China 1980-2021, Number of Chinese cities with over a million inhabitants 1970-2015, China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions), Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). The Tangut people had a large kingdom called Western Xia (10381227) in the northwest that controlled access to the strategic Gansu land corridor, a huge long valley, that permitted travel and trade on the Silk Road. Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be the most difficult to verify? Overall, over the course of 300 years, the Northern and Southern eras of the Song Empire were prosperous. Their written language used tens of thousands of different, highly intricate and complex, and difficult to shape characters, not the roughly 23 to 33 relatively simple and easy to design or mold alphabetic character shapes used in European languages. All rights reserved. Hangzhou is one of 137 cities in China and ranks 13 in the China population. It is 57 meters or about 186 feet in height. Accessed March 04, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/466968/china-population-of-hangzhou/, UN DESA. To pass the examination, almost all bureaucrats needed to learn by heart the Four Books of the Neo-Confucian Classics. Showcasing their technological advancement and wealth, building supertall towers and large monumental structures were a Song forte. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Hangzhou is a city in China and had a population of 5,162,039 (including Xiaoshan and Yuhang) at the 2010 census, an increase of 4.8% per year since the 2000 census. What was the importance of the Indian Ocean during the 1200-1500's? Not learning from their clan history, the Southern Song rulers repeated the same mistake that destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty: They allied with an expansionistic, more dangerous enemy to jointly attack a weaker, stable, and less threatening enemy. A chemical industry has also been established. In, UN DESA. During the Song Dynasty era, the religions of Daoism and Buddhism became less popular among the ruling class than in previous eras. The county of Qiantang was first established at this site under the Qin dynasty (221207 bce) but did not start developing until the 4th and 5th centuries ce, when the Yangtze River delta area began to be settled. By the Qing Empire era, the majority of women except those of the many ethnic minority groups had bound feet. Taizu was unusual for his time for the extent that he nurtured and promoted the educational system, scholarly rule, and scientific research in his empire. Under the Ming (13681644) and Qing (16441911/12) dynasties, it was a superior prefecture, in addition to being the provincial capital of Zhejiang. Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify? Have unparalleled flexibility, which is impossible on a group tour. & Referral Program. Hangzhou is one of 137 cities in China and ranks 13 in the China population. Their wealth allowed them to enjoy arts and recreational activities. The Song style was adopted as standard by Japanese architects. The document excerpted below, by an unknown author, describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou a city of between seven and eight 1922 - Sisters of Charity Hospital founded. The arts and theater grew increasingly learned and refined. [16] 1978 - Hangzhou Teachers College founded. China Highlights tailor-makes China tours to help travelers discover While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The city stands at the eastern foot of a scenic range of hills, the Tianmu (Eye of Heaven) Mountains, and on the shore of the famous Xi (West) Lake, celebrated in poetry and paintings for its beauty and a favourite imperial retreat. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Hangzhou, Hangzhou China - Official site of Hangzhou, Hangzhou - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. It wasn't until the beginning of the Southern Song era that scholars think that the population in the region first exceeded 100 million. The Song weaponry was the world's most advanced, and they had the greatest population of any empire that the Mongols tried to attack around the world, more than 100 million. It also was famous as a centre of culture, producing numerous writers, painters, and poets. The other three cites with 10 million-plus populations are Suzhou, Linyi and Baoding, according to a CBN Daily report in 2017. This article incorporates information from the Ukrainian Wikipedia. They may have been key factors in the dynasty's downfall. Soon it will be possible to see the city of Hangzhou on the map. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. They built huge opera houses for that early time of history. The Song Empire (9601279) was generally prosperous and at the time it was the world's most powerful empire economically, scientifically, and militarily. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Hangzhou, China metro area from 1950 to 2023. From 1075 to 1077, the Ly Dynasty in Vietnam fought them. The policy greatly strengthened the empire so that it could endure. The city has adopted policies this year to attract people to settle down, which will lead to a further population increase in the following years, said the report. Many of the temples that you can visit today were built during this period. Continue with Recommended Cookies. He had never seen such wealth in the West. Rice didn't grow well there. Tours: Two Song-era pagodas, Iron Pagoda and Pota Pagoda, can be visited in Kaifeng along with other ancient Song architecture in Hangzhou such as the Liuhe Pagoda in Hangzhou. Hangzhou Export Processing Zone approved. [CDATA[ As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. It was the philosophy of bureaucrats from the Song era until the end of the Qing Era (1912) except during the Yuan Dynasty (12791368) era. Since 1949 Hangzhou, though it has been carefully preserved as a scenic district and tourist attraction, has also developed into an industrial centre. In addition to thermal electric-generating plants, the city is connected via the regional power grid to the large Xinan River hydroelectric project to the southwest and to Shanghai and Nanjing. Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. He set up the educational and administrative system not only for the Song Empire, but his educational and governmental policies set the precedent for the later dynasties. For example, the four largest operatic drama theaters in Kaifeng could hold audiences of several thousand people each. In Europe, the introduction of movable type printing caused a huge literary, social, religious and political revolution and great cultural change because movable type printing for Europeans was much more economical than block printing. Dougong and other wooden architecture techniques were the Song Empires' major architectural innovation for erecting massive wooden structures in the earthquake-prone region, and their techniques were adopted throughout East Asia. They applied improved techniques of rice cultivation. For the urban elite, food was plentiful. China Daily | urban agglom., 3,007,000. He was multi-talented. The Ly Dynasty behaved as vassals, but the Song court thought that the country was weak enough to conquer. He thought Hangzhou was the grandest and most beautiful city in the world. In 1206, Temjin, an orphan and a former slave, united the many feuding clans which occupied the steppes to the north of China and took the title "Genghis Khan." Once this feat was accomplished he turned to military conquests abroad. Mongols rule China and Marco Polo visits Hangzhou in 1290. Along with Hangzhou, Quanzhou, Guangzhou, and Xiamen were other huge seaport merchant cities, some of the biggest and richest in the world at the time, and great wealth flowed through them. He wrote scientific treatises about his own cutting-edge research and about various fields that show advanced knowledge in several areas. Classical opera became very popular among the upper classes and the general population as well, even though the actors spoke ancient classical Chinese and not the vernacular languages of the people. Subutai, the leading general, was the one who first discovered Europe in the 1220s. Tang Dynasty (618-907) Hangzhou's population increases as well as its regional power, serves as the capital for the Wuyue kingdom in the late tenth century. Internal warfare cost Hangzhou hundreds of thousands of people and whole sections of the city were destroyed. Advanced waterworks: Major irrigation projects and canal building projects using advanced engineering techniques improved agriculture, transportation, food distribution and trade. Their weapons were the most advanced in the world. But their army of 450,000 could only conquer the Southern Song Empire after battling them for 44 years! Hangzhou - Population. Experience local culture by practicing it. among rivals before the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. During the era of relative prosperity and peace, agricultural development, commerce, urbanization, and industrialization advanced. To fit these joint systems correctly, the Song architects and carpenters had to gauge the likely hazards and stresses the building was going to be face. The Song Dynasty managed to win several military victories over the Tanguts in the early 11th century. In 1861, during the Taiping Rebellion (185064), the city fell to the rebels and suffered severe damage. Not only is it a major tourist destination for its famous West Lake, but it's also home to some of China's biggest innovative businesses, like Alibaba. . Its commercial role was later augmented by the construction of a railway to Shanghai (1909), of another to Ningbo (1914), and of a main line to Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in 193638. Visiting historical Hangzhou is slightly easier than in other large cities that have been developing at light-speed. New varieties of rice were introduced from the Vietnam area around the year 1,000. They carried gunpowder bombs that could blow up enemy boats. Corrections? The combination of a pleasant environment alongside business growth means Hangzhou is now one of the wealthiest cities in China with an estimated 153 people worth . May 16, 2018. China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035. Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. They couldn't conquer their neighbors, but they didn't lose significant territory to them either. He was well aware of the scientific progress made by his contemporaries and able to describe it well. On the 13 story Iron Pagoda for example, the eaves on the outside of the brick core were made by using suitably designed dougong ( dugng), a suitably loose joint system fitted for that particular structure, so that the building can ride out massive earthquakes with little or no damage. Then, a leading scientist and scientific writer named Shen Kuo (1031-1095) who wrote a then leading-edge scientific book called The Dream Pool Essays undertook to lead an army against them. First of all, systematic studies are conducted on the spatial variation of population in Hangzhou over more than 30 years, based on data from several national censuses including the most recent one, the fifth census in 2000. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. With their large populations, access to major resources like food and goods, and complex networks of roads and trade, big cities were natural centers of urbanization and development that contributed to the growth of trade.